Bad Breath 1 article

Bad Breath, or halitosis, is most often assessed by looking for oral sources such as tongue coating, periodontal disease, plaque retention and reduced salivary flow before considering less common extraoral causes. History, oral examination and, where useful, odour measurement can help distinguish persistent malodour from a temporary dietary effect or a patient's perception without objective findings. Management targets the identified cause through hygiene, periodontal care or other treatment; mouthrinses are adjuncts rather than a universal solution.